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Using Regex

Introduction
What are Regular Expressions?
Regular expressions, or regex for short, are a powerful and flexible tool for working with text. They are essentially a sequence of characters that define a search pattern, which can be used to search, match, and manipulate strings. Regex is available in most programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, Java, and SQL.
Regex provides a concise and expressive way to represent patterns in text. They can be used for simple tasks like finding words or more complex operations like validating email addresses or parsing log files.
Applications of Regex
Regex is commonly used in various applications, such as:
Text processing and analysis
Data extraction and parsing
Input validation
Search and replace operations
String manipulation and transformation
Syntax highlighting and code formatting
Some real-world examples of using regex include:
Searching for specific words or phrases in a document
Extracting dates, phone numbers, or URLs from a text file
Validating user input, such as email addresses or passwords
Replacing specific patterns in a text with other values
Basic concepts
A regular expression is a sequence of characters that defines a search pattern. This pattern can be used to match strings or parts of strings.
Here are some basic terms to understand when working with regex:
Literal characters: Ordinary characters that match themselves, e.g., abc would match the string abc
Metacharacters: Special characters that have a specific meaning, e.g., . matches any character.
Character classes: Define a set of characters to match, e.g., [a-z] would match any lowercase letter.
Quantifiers: Specify how many times a character or group should appear, e.g., a{3} would match aaa
Common regex metacharacters
Here are some common metacharacters and their meanings:
.: Matches any single character except a newline.
^: Matches the start of a string.
$: Matches the end of a string.
``: Matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding character.
+: Matches one or more occurrences of the preceding character.
?: Matches zero or one occurrence of the preceding character.
{n}: Matches exactly n occurrences of the preceding character.
{n,}: Matches n or more occurrences of the preceding character.
{n,m}: Matches between n and m occurrences of the preceding character.
[...]: Defines a character class, matching any single character within the brackets.
[^...]: Negated character class, matching any single character NOT within the brackets.
|: Alternation, matches either the expression before or after the symbol.
(...): Grouping, allows applying quantifiers to the entire group.
See the full list of supported tokens
Examples
Here are some simple examples to illustrate regex patterns:
1.^hello: Matches strings that start with "hello".
2.world$: Matches strings that end with "world".
3.a.b: Matches strings containing "a", any single character, followed by "b".
4.ab*c: Matches strings containing "a", followed by zero or more "b"s, and then "c".
5.ab+c: Matches strings containing "a", followed by one or more "b"s, and then "c".
6.ab?c: Matches strings containing "a", followed by zero or one "b", and then "c".
7.[A-Za-z0-9]: Matches any single alphanumeric character.
 Example 1
String: “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog”
Regex: **\\b\\w{5}\\b**
Replace To: “0”
Result: The 0 0 fox 0 over the lazy dog”
Example 2 
In this example, we'll demonstrate how to use regex to find and replace multiple spaces with a single space in a text
Text: "This is an example with multiple spaces.”
Regex: **\\s{2,}**
Replace To: “ ”
Result: "This is an example with multiple spaces.”
In this example, the pattern is defined as r"\\s{2,}" This pattern matches any sequence of two or more whitespace characters. The replacement is a single-space character.
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